The belief systems and practices of ancient cultures are often referred to as "old religion". Although its definition is somewhat arbitrary and often includes Christianity or various forms of Islam, it is commonly used. It also includes Indian and Arabian religions. Although they are not fundamentally similar, they share certain characteristics. While most religions are based on the power and logic of reason, there is also the possibility that they may rely on revelation or intuition in order to form a belief structure.
An ancient religion
Religious beliefs and practices were prevalent in the ancient world. These charismatic followers of these religions traveled across the Mediterranean, often taking itinerant routes. They were the primary determinants for human culture, and human life. Religious beliefs were widespread and universalized in antiquity.
These beliefs are rooted deep in cultural traditions. The Ancient Religions MA course examines these traditions, from ancient China to ancient Europe. It offers new insights into the function of ancient religions. The MA programme can be tailored to the research interests of individual students.
Hinduism
Hinduism is an ancient religion with many traditions. Its beliefs are centered on the sanctity life and Brahman, the supreme spirit. Hindus believe in karma and rebirth and also believe in salvation. Hindus are highly religious.
Hinduism does not have a historical founder. It has evolved over time through periods that include ritual, enlightenment, reformations, and other events. There is no single central text for Hinduism, so the tradition is a collection of many different religions.
Buddhism
Buddhists believe in the eternality of life and that it is subject to suffering. They seek to find truth within and through Buddha's teachings. They are constantly reborn and relive past lives. Their lives are continuously improved as a result. Buddhism is a philosophy that there is no single answer.
Buddhism is a major world religion and has 376million followers. Its origins are in India, around the sixth century B.C.E. The religion spread to Southeast Asia as well as China, Korea and Japan. Today, Buddhists can still be found in more that 170 countries.
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism, an ancient religion, is Zoroastrianism. Avesta is one the oldest texts. The Avesta is made up of sacred verses called Gathas that Prophet Zarathushtra orally transmitted to his followers. Each Gatha has seventeen hymns. Zoroastrianism scholars insist on the centrality the Gathas. Gathic principles discourage excessive ritualism. They emphasize the importance and co-workability of humans with God and encourage ethical behavior.
Zoroastrianism is a religion that has roots in Persia, and could be as old as 4,000 years. Zoroastrianism used to be the state religion of Iran during the Persian Dynasties. Many of the followers fled Iran to India to practice the religion today as a minority. Zoroastrianism now has around 100,000 to 200,000 followers worldwide. It has a rich, varied history and has been influential in other religions.
Maya
Earth and sky were considered two opposing entities in ancient Maya religion. Maya considered the earth to be the back of a gigantic crocodile. The sky, however, was a double headed serpent. The sky's name is similar the word for snake. Also, the constellations are marked by cross-bands. Maya people also considered the sun and moon to be symbolic of the celestial bodies.
Maya art has many symbols that are associated with death or the underworld. There were many symbols and glyphs that they used, including crossed bones and disembodied eyes. Pawahtun, the patron of scribes, was another god they had. Ix Chel (a Maya goddess for childbirth and healing) was one of the other Maya deities. Her sister, Chak Chel, was a weaver, and was the patroness of the islands of Cozumel.